Cryptoeconomics

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Regulator

City of Baltimore

Maryland's largest city, whose Consumer Protection Ordinance is enforced by the City Solicitor and which used it on 13 August 2026 to sue Kalshi and Polymarket over sports event contracts, naming Robinhood, Webull and Coinbase alongside Kalshi as the brokers that sell the contracts and take a fee on each one.

Kind Regulator
Jurisdiction United States
Stories filed 1

The profile

Baltimore is a Maryland municipal corporation governed by a Mayor and City Council. Its legal work sits in the Baltimore City Law Department at City Hall, headed by the City Solicitor, who is appointed by the mayor, confirmed by the council, and sits on the Board of Estimates alongside the mayor, the council president, the comptroller and the director of public works. Ebony M. Thompson became deputy solicitor in January 2022, acting solicitor in January 2023 and was sworn in on 29 January 2024 after a unanimous confirmation vote; the city's own biography of her records that she championed a three-year pilot, approved in December 2023, to record Baltimore's vacant property deeds on a blockchain. The department's Affirmative Litigation Division brings the city's own claims rather than defending it, and Sara Gross is its chief. The consumer power used against the prediction markets is recent: Ordinance 23-266 repealed the old false advertising subtitle of article 2 of the Baltimore City Code and replaced it with subtitle 4, Unfair, Abusive, or Deceptive Trade Practices, which takes its definitions from title 13 of the Maryland Commercial Law Article, prohibits the practices it names in the sale or offer of consumer goods, realty and services, and gives the City Solicitor an investigation power, a subpoena power and a right to sue for injunctive relief and civil penalties. Gambling is a municipal interest as well as a legal one: the complaints record that Maryland authorises casino gaming only at a limited number of licensed facilities, of which Horseshoe Casino Baltimore is one, and that the public benefits of that framework reach the jurisdictions where the casinos sit.

Frameworks and functions

Consumer Protection Ordinance
Baltimore City Code article 2, subtitle 4, enacted by Ordinance 23-266. Section 4-2 prohibits any unfair, abusive or deceptive trade practice in the sale or offer of consumer goods, realty or services; section 4-1 takes that definition from title 13 of the Maryland Commercial Law Article; section 4-3 sets a civil penalty of not more than $1,000, with each violation and each day a separate offence.
Action by the City Solicitor
Section 4-5 lets the City Solicitor investigate a suspected violation, issue and enforce subpoenas for testimony and documents, and initiate proceedings for injunctive relief and for the imposition and collection of civil penalties in a court of competent jurisdiction, in each case on behalf of the Mayor and City Council.
City of Baltimore v. KalshiEX LLC
A 46-page complaint filed in the Circuit Court for Baltimore City on 13 August 2026, case C-24-CV-26-005532, against KalshiEX LLC, Kalshi Inc., Robinhood Markets, Robinhood Derivatives, Webull Corporation, Webull Financial and Coinbase Financial Markets. Eight counts under the ordinance, two against each group of defendants, with a jury demanded.
City of Baltimore v. QCX LLC
A 27-page complaint filed the same morning, case C-24-CV-26-005535, against QCX LLC, Blockratize Inc. and QC Tech LLC. It pleads that Polymarket's probability-based fee and its in-house market-making team make the platform function as a sportsbook rather than as a market between bettors.

Coverage

Developments in which City of Baltimore is a named party, newest first.

On the record

Baltimore sues Kalshi and Polymarket and names three brokers with Kalshi

The city filed two complaints in the Circuit Court for Baltimore City on 13 August 2026 under its Consumer Protection Ordinance. The Kalshi case also names Robinhood, Webull and Coinbase, pleading that each takes a fee alongside Kalshi on every event contract bought through its prediction markets hub, and seeks penalties, an injunction, disgorgement and restitution.

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