Cryptoeconomics

News, data and analysis on tokenized assets, market design and digital economic systems.

Regulator

US Securities and Exchange Commission

The federal securities regulator created in 1934, which stated on 28 January 2026 that the format in which a security is issued and the method by which holders are recorded do not change how the federal securities laws apply.

Kind Regulator
Jurisdiction United States
Founded 1934
Stories filed 22

The profile

Federal securities regulator created in 1934, with a statutory mission to protect investors, maintain fair and orderly markets and facilitate capital formation; it oversees more than 28,000 registered entities and monitors over $100tn of annual equity trading. Its Division of Corporation Finance stated on 28 January 2026 that the format in which a security is issued and the method by which holders are recorded do not change the application of the federal securities laws, and separated three arrangements that are often conflated: an issuer tokenising its own securities so the chain replaces the master securityholder file, a third party issuing crypto assets representing security entitlements in securities it custodies, and a third party issuing its own instrument giving synthetic exposure to a referenced security. That taxonomy matters because only the first leaves the holder with a direct claim on the issuer, while the second and third add the intermediary's insolvency to the risks priced into the token. Chairman Paul Atkins' statement of 7 July 2026 on the regulatory agenda commits the Commission to rules on capital raising with crypto assets and on the custody and trading of tokenized securities onchain.

Frameworks and functions

Division of Corporation Finance statement on tokenized securities
Staff guidance of 28 January 2026 distinguishing issuer-tokenised securities from third-party receipts conveying security entitlements and from synthetic exposure instruments.
Exemptive relief for round-the-clock tokenized fund trading
Relief permitting a registered Investment Company Act fund's tokenized shares to trade and settle continuously, first used by WisdomTree in February 2026.

Coverage

Developments in which US Securities and Exchange Commission is a named party, newest first.

On the record

MoonPay agrees to buy North Capital and its broker-dealer, ATS and transfer agent registrations

A definitive merger agreement would make North Capital Investment Technology a wholly owned MoonPay subsidiary, bringing two SEC-registered broker-dealers, the PPEX alternative trading system, a transfer agent and an investment adviser inside a payments company. MoonPay states no price; CoinDesk and Fortune each put it above $60m in stock on unnamed sources.

SEC exempts tokenized stock venues from the definition of an exchange

Release 34-106402 grants temporary conditional relief to Tokenized Securities Venues from the exchange definition and to certain liquidity providers from the dealer definition, until 17 September 2031. Smart contracts must sit on a public permissionless ledger, issuers can object to third-party tokenizations, and Tier 1 trading is capped at 75 symbols and 0.25 per cent of prior-month volume.

Senate rejects cloture on the digital asset market structure bill, 49 to 50

Cloture on the motion to proceed to H.R. 3633 failed at 2:19 p.m. against a three-fifths requirement of 60 votes, so the chamber never took the bill up and no text was voted on. The Senate's roll call record gives four Republicans among the 50 nays, alongside 44 Democrats and two independents, with one Democrat not voting.

Senate Republicans publish the final Clarity Act text before a cloture vote

Lummis, Boozman and Scott released a 635 page substitute for H.R. 3633, claiming 126 changes requested by Democrats. Read against the 10 September version, the ethics sunset of noon on 20 January 2029 is gone, the developer shield no longer reaches 18 U.S.C. 1960, and the Treasury circuit-breaker on stablecoin rewards must be triggered within 18 months of enactment.

Eighteen attorneys general urge the Senate to reject the Clarity Act

New York led seventeen other jurisdictions in a letter to the Senate Banking Committee objecting that the bill gives the SEC preemption authority indirectly through a new qualified transaction loophole in the Securities Act of 1933, and would render the covered security designations in section 18 meaningless. That provision is unchanged from the version published four days earlier.

Revised Clarity Act text would put controlled DeFi protocols under the CFTC

Senator Cynthia Lummis published a 630 page substitute amendment to H.R. 3633 ahead of a Senate vote on 15 September. It requires rules for persons who control a non-decentralized finance trading protocol to register with the CFTC and to comply with the Bank Secrecy Act, and preempts state securities and commodities law over protected developer activities.

Citadel Securities asks the SEC and CFTC to close the self-certification route

The market maker filed on the agencies' joint comment file on the swap and security-based swap definitions, saying binary options on issuers' reported metrics are securities, that a venue should not choose its regulator by its own characterisation of a product, and that equity-linked perpetuals should not be approved until the classification is settled.

The SEC proposes to allow a master securityholder file on a blockchain

The Securities and Exchange Commission proposed Release No. 34-106246 on 1 September 2026, rewriting transfer agent rules not substantively updated since the early 1980s. The amended definition would permit a transfer agent to use a blockchain or other distributed ledger as its master securityholder file or part of it, and new Form TA-2 questions would count the issues where one does.

The SEC's novel ETF comment period closes on a split over speed

Comments on File No. S7-2026-24 were due on 31 August 2026. Issuers asked for confidential draft registrations and a 45-day staff clock; Charles Schwab opposed a fully confidential process and Jane Street asked that every fund launch with at least two authorised participants. Kalshi asked that registered funds be permitted to hold event contracts.

The SEC's custody rulemaking reaches the proposed rule stage with crypto in scope

The Securities and Exchange Commission's Amendments to the Custody Rules, RIN 3235-AN46, sits at the proposed rule stage with a notice targeted for October 2026, covering custody of advisory client and fund assets including crypto. The Block and CoinDesk reported on 26 August that it had gone to the White House for review; the agenda entry carries no date for that step.

SEC proposes Regulation Crypto Assets without an open meeting

The Commission proposed a tailored offering regime for crypto assets on 18 August 2026, five days after cancelling the meeting called to consider it. Two registration exemptions, a safe harbour perfected by the issuer's own certification on a new Form TR, and a definition of qualified purchaser that would preempt state registration requirements. Comments close sixty days after publication.

Neuberger becomes subadvisor to a tokenized high yield fund

Securitize and Neuberger launched the Neuberger Securitize High Income Tokenized Fund across Avalanche, Ethereum, Solana and Sui on 18 August 2026. The fund's Form D, filed the same day, records a British Virgin Islands issuer relying on Rule 506(c) and section 3(c)(7), a $100,000 minimum investment, and $5.1m sold to two investors on the date of first sale.

FASB proposes when a stablecoin counts as a cash equivalent

The Financial Accounting Standards Board proposed illustrative examples for Topic 230 on 18 August 2026 setting out when a digital asset meets the existing definition of cash equivalents: an on-demand contractual redemption right, a direct right against the issuer, and segregated short-term liquid reserves held at least one for one. Comments close on 19 November 2026.

SEC cancels the open meeting on its first crypto offering rules

A cancellation notice dated 13 August 2026 withdrew the open meeting called for 10 a.m. on 14 August, at which the Commission was to consider proposing a tailored offering regime for certain investment contracts involving crypto assets. No reason and no new date were given. The meeting agenda of 10 August names the item Regulation Crypto Assets.

SEC staff clears Franklin Templeton funds to hold its onchain money fund

The Division of Investment Management said on 12 August 2026 that it would not recommend enforcement action under section 17(f) and rule 17f-2 if the group's registered funds custody Franklin OnChain U.S. Government Money Fund shares with its affiliated transfer agent, on conditions requiring that agent to keep the power to freeze, migrate and restore the official record.

SEC calls an open meeting on a tailored crypto offering regime

A Sunshine Act notice dated 10 August 2026 called an open meeting for 10:00 a.m. Eastern on Friday 14 August, at which the Commission will consider whether to issue a release proposing new rules creating a tailored offering regime for certain investment contracts involving crypto assets. The notice names no rule and no scope.

Wintermute registers a US broker-dealer

Wintermute said on 6 August 2026 that its affiliate Wintermute USA LLC had registered as a broker-dealer with the Securities and Exchange Commission and joined FINRA, as a proprietary trading firm able to trade equities and equity options, act as an authorised participant for exchange-traded products and self-clear digital asset securities for its own account. BrokerCheck dates the approval to the same day.

Warren and Blumenthal ask the SEC to investigate the $TRUMP memecoin

In a letter dated 3 August 2026, Senators Elizabeth Warren and Richard Blumenthal asked SEC chair Paul Atkins to investigate the $TRUMP memecoin for illegal fraud or unjust enrichment, arguing it may be a gradual rug pull. The letter cites press estimates that nearly a million investors lost over $3.81bn to the end of June while Trump made $636m. The SEC declined to comment.

Securitize Capital registers with the SEC as an investment adviser

Securitize said on 27 July 2026 that its Securitize Capital subsidiary had registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an investment adviser, having previously operated as an exempt reporting adviser. The registration sits alongside the group's registered broker-dealer, alternative trading system, transfer agent and fund administration businesses, which together service more than $5bn in tokenized funds.

SEC approves Nasdaq rule change enabling trading of tokenized securities

The SEC approved a Nasdaq proposed rule change, as modified by Amendment No. 2, permitting securities to trade on the exchange in tokenized form through DTC's tokenization pilot, in Release 34-105047. Eligible participants may set a tokenization flag on orders in Russell 1000 constituents and large index ETFs; tokenized and conventional shares trade on the same order book with the same priority provided they remain fungible and share the same CUSIP and symbol.

SEC staff grant no-action relief for DTC's tokenization service

Staff in the SEC's Division of Trading and Markets told The Depository Trust Company that they would not recommend enforcement action over the preliminary base version of DTCC Tokenization Services, under which participants may elect to have their security entitlements to DTC-held securities recorded on a distributed ledger rather than only on DTC's centralised ledger. The relief covers Regulation SCI, the section 19(b) rule filing requirement and parts of Rules 17ad-22(e) and 17ad-25, expires three years after launch and is conditioned on 16 representations.

SEC approves the listing of spot ether exchange-traded products

The Securities and Exchange Commission approved rule changes allowing eight spot ether exchange-traded products to list on NYSE Arca, Nasdaq and Cboe BZX. The order relied on the Commission's own analysis of correlation between CME ether futures and Coinbase spot prices from October 2021 to March 2024, which it put at no less than 96.2% at hourly intervals, 85.7% at five-minute intervals and 67.1% at one-minute intervals.

SEC approves the listing of spot bitcoin exchange-traded products

The Securities and Exchange Commission approved the listing and trading of spot bitcoin exchange-traded product shares, having previously rejected such applications. The chair's statement attributed the change to the D.C. Circuit's decision vacating the Commission's denial of Grayscale's proposed conversion.

SEC charges Terraform Labs and Do Kwon over the collapse of TerraUSD

The Securities and Exchange Commission charged Terraform Labs PTE Ltd and its founder Do Hyeong Kwon with securities fraud in connection with the algorithmic stablecoin TerraUSD and the LUNA token. The complaint stated that UST depegged from the dollar in May 2022 and that the price of UST and its sister tokens fell to close to zero.

Franklin Templeton's OnChain U.S. Government Money Fund records shares on Stellar

The summary prospectus for the Franklin OnChain U.S. Government Money Fund, dated 6 April 2021, stated that ownership of the fund's shares "will also be recorded on the Stellar network's blockchain", with the transfer agent's book-entry record remaining determinative in any conflict. It made a registered US money market fund, rather than a token referencing one, the vehicle through which investors held a blockchain record of fund shares.

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